Reviewed 2026-10-10 Asia/Tehran.
Original educational diagram created with Pillow by LCENJ; no third-party photo and no AI image. Synthetic plots are explicitly labeled.
BIPM؛ تعاریف دقت، تکرارپذیری و کالیبراسیون
https://www.bipm.org/documents/20126/2071204/JCGM_200_2012.pdf
Espressif؛ درایور کالیبراسیون ADC
https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/esp32/api-reference/peripherals/adc/adc_calibration.html